Energy experts say that because of the rapid growth of solar, Pakistan has a greater cushion against the growing energy crisis.
Asif Hassan/AFP via Getty Images
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Asif Hassan/AFP via Getty Images
As the U.S.-Israeli war with Iran continues, the Strait of Hormuz remains closed, cutting off a quarter of oil and natural gas supplies from the rest of the world. Qatar has shut down its liquified natural gas or LNG production, with no clear date to restart in sight.
But energy experts say some countries are better positioned to weather this energy crisis than they would have been just a few years ago. That’s because of the rapid growth of renewable energy, battery systems and electric vehicles, says Jan Rosenow, energy and climate professor at Oxford University.
“That’s not a coincidence,” Rosenow says. “It’s a deliberate strategy to move away from [imported oil] and electrify.”
In China, more than half of new car sales are now electric. In Nepal, it’s more than 70%. As oil prices rise, residents with EVs are less vulnerable than if they had to rely on fuel. “It’s an energy security solution and it’s a cost solution,” says Kingsmill Bond, analyst at the energy think tank Ember.
Natural gas and LNG prices are also rising. But countries like Pakistan are more resilient because of the unprecedented growth of solar, says Nabiya Imran, at the Pakistani think tank Renewables First.
“The widespread adoption of solar and batteries kind of serves as a hedge or a protection sort of against these price shocks that the fossil fuel markets are very vulnerable to globally,” she says.
Some countries in Latin America and Africa are still deciding between investing in traditional fossil fuel infrastructure or renewable energy and batteries. The growing energy crisis fueled by the war makes the stakes more clear, Bond says. “ Once you’ve got your solar panel, there’s no cost for the sun,” he says. “But once you’ve got your gas fire power station, you have to pay every day for the gas that you burn in it.”
“With a stroke,” he says, “this war has dramatically increased the power and the influence of those who want to go down the solar route.”
In this photograph taken on July 2, 2025, technicians install solar panels on the rooftop of a factory in Karachi, Pakistan.
Asif Hassan/AFP via Getty Images
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Asif Hassan/AFP via Getty Images
A solar revolution, and more energy security
On many rooftops in Pakistan, solar panels shine atop homes and buildings. In recent years, the country has seen an unprecedented growth of solar as prices for Chinese imports have fallen. Since 2023, Pakistan has imported roughly 41 GW of solar panels from China, according to Ember data. That’s enough to power millions of homes. All other power generation sources combined in Pakistan, including coal, natural gas, and nuclear, were about 46 GW in 2024, according to Ember data.
“Pakistan is the poster-child for the solar revolution,” Bond says. “Pakistan has done the sensible thing for themselves and they’ve imported solar panels and that has enabled them to reduce their gas burn.”
Pakistan still relies on imported fossil fuels, particularly for cars and trucks. That makes the country’s transportation system particularly vulnerable to the current price and supply shocks with the war, Imran says. With oil and diesel prices climbing, the Pakistani government recently closed schools and ordered employees to work from home so people drive less.
Pakistan imports most of its LNG from Qatar. But Pakistan isn’t as exposed to this loss of supply in part because of its new solar and wind capacity, Pakistan’s energy minister told Reuters last week. Last year, Pakistan reduced its LNG imports, in part because of the rapid growth of solar and batteries.
To manage the current loss of LNG supplies, Pakistan is deploying a variety of solutions, including expanding renewable generation, according to energy research firm, Wood MacKenzie.
Because so many Pakistanis now have solar and batteries, Imran says the country’s electricity sector has more of a cushion in this crisis. “Which kind of makes Pakistan’s energy transition story,” she says, “not just a story about climate, but also a story about risk management for energy security.”
In this photograph taken on September 1, 2024, visitors look at electric vehicles in Kathmandu. More than 70% of new car sales in Nepal are electric.
Prakash Mathema/AFP via Getty Images
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Prakash Mathema/AFP via Getty Images
Lessons from the Ukraine war
The idea that renewable energy and batteries can provide energy security is not new. After Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Europe faced a steep drop off in Russian natural gas. At the time, the European Commission framed renewable energy as a way out of natural gas dependency.
Some European countries have taken these energy security lessons to heart. Spain and Portugal have increased their installations of solar, wind, and batteries, and have decreased their natural gas imports.
Other European countries, however, replaced Russian gas imports with LNG imports from the U.S. and Qatar. “And that was a mistake as we are now finding out,” Bond says.
Bond says he’s hopeful that in recent days some European politicians are making a case for investing in more renewable energy as an energy security solution.
“There are very strong arguments which are now being made inside Europe to say, ‘Look, let’s not make the same mistake again,'” Bond says.
Countries choosing renewables
The high prices of fossil fuels following Russia’s full-scale of Ukraine was part of what drove more countries to adopt renewables and batteries in recent years, says Paasha Mahdavi, associate professor of political science at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
“ So many countries have turned to renewables because they are tired and sick of this volatility in pricing, the squeeze they can’t really do anything about,” Mahdavi says.
Oil prices rose to more than $100 a barrel on Sunday. Asian and European natural gas prices have seen double digit percentage increases since the war began. Rosenow sees the potential of a prolonged energy crisis only increasing demand for renewables, batteries and electric vehicles.
Oil and gas prices may be up, Rosenow says, but the sun and wind don’t care what’s happening in the Strait of Hormuz.
