Dressed in black ceremonial robes and carrying an ebony staff
topped with a golden lion, Black Rod is one of the most
recognisable – and mysterious – figures in British public life.
Every year during the State Opening of Parliament, millions
watch as the royal official marches to the House of Commons only to
have the doors dramatically slammed shut in his face.
The moment symbolises the Commons’ independence from the Crown
and remains one of the most famous traditions in British
politics.
But behind the centuries-old ritual lies one of the oldest roles
in the Royal Household.
Officially known as the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod, the
office dates back to around 1348 during the reign of Edward
III.
The first recorded holder of the role was William Whitehorse,
named in official Letters Patent in 1361.
Originally, Black Rod’s duties included guarding the meetings of
the Order of the Garter and carrying a ceremonial rod before the
monarch during major royal processions.
Today, Black Rod remains an officer of the Order of the Garter
and plays a central role in royal ceremonies including the annual
Garter Day procession at Windsor Castle.
However, the role is most closely associated with
Parliament.
Black Rod serves as the Sovereign’s representative in the House
of Lords and is responsible for discipline, security and ceremonial
duties within the upper chamber.
The office of Black Rod and the Lords Serjeant at Arms were
formally merged in 1971.
During the State Opening of Parliament, Black Rod is sent by the
monarch from the House of Lords to summon MPs to hear the King’s
Speech.
As tradition dictates, the doors of the Commons are slammed shut
moments before arrival — a symbolic reminder that the monarch may
not enter the elected chamber.
Black Rod then strikes the doors three times using the ebony rod
before being admitted.
After walking to the centre of the chamber and bowing three
times, Black Rod delivers the formal summons to MPs to attend the
Sovereign in the House of Lords.
The role’s distinctive ceremonial uniform remains steeped in
tradition, featuring a black tunic, knee breeches, silk stockings,
buckled shoes, lace jabot and sword.
The ebony rod itself is topped with a gold lion bearing the
royal cypher of Edward VII beneath a crown.
Lieutenant General Edward Davis became the latest holder of the
office in 2025 after being appointed by the King.
He brings extensive military and diplomatic experience to the
historic role, having previously served as Commandant General of
the Royal Marines and Governor of Gibraltar.
This year’s State Opening of Parliament marks his first in
office as Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod.
