The source of a diarrhea-causing parasite that has been plaguing Americans across multiple states for weeks has been found, so now what?
On Thursday, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed that contaminated lettuce imported from Mexico was served at Taco Bell locations in five states: Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio and West Virginia.
The contaminated produce contained cyclospora, which is a microscopic parasite that leads to a sickness called cyclosporiasis. The main symptoms include watery and explosive diarrhea, cramps and nausea. The sickness is not known to be deadly and is usually treated with antibiotics.
The heat-loving parasite infects the bowels and spreads through human waste. In the past, people have been infected by consuming fruits or vegetables that were exposed to feces-contaminated irrigation water.
The outbreak, which started May 1, has led to more than 5,000 confirmed cases and 102 hospitalizations in Michigan alone. The four other states have also reported hundreds of cases.
The CDC says it continues to investigate other outbreaks of the parasite that are unrelated to this outbreak. There are at least 34 states in total reporting cases.
Meanwhile in Canada, the public health agency said in an emailed statement Friday that it’s not investigating any cyclospora outbreaks. But it said there may still be cases that arise linked to travel or to consuming produce imported from other countries.
WATCH | Understanding the parasite:
What is cyclospora? A diarrhea-causing parasite
A diarrhea-causing parasite has led to a growing outbreak in the United States that has sickened more than 1,000 people and sent dozens to hospital. As of Wednesday, multiple states had reported cyclospora infections, which can cause watery diarrhea, bloating, fever and nausea. While cases are common in the spring and summer, the current outbreak has led to an unusually high number, making it one of the largest the country has seen. No deaths have been reported.
Who is the lettuce supplier?
Taylor Farms is a company in Salinas, Calif., that has dozens of food processing plants across North America, including a production facility in Vaughan, Ont. It’s known for selling ready-to-eat salad kits.
In a statement on Friday afternoon, Taylor Farms said Taylor Farms de Mexico — its Mexico branch — “is voluntarily removing all iceberg lettuce sourced from central Mexico,” based on information from the FDA.
The company indicated that iceberg lettuce in particular is the culprit behind this outbreak.
“While the FDA traceback is indicating a specific independent farm, which represents less than 1% of the U.S.’s iceberg lettuce supply, as the potential source of the outbreak, we have removed all iceberg lettuce from the region indefinitely,” reads part of the statement.
The company added that none of its salads or kits are associated with this outbreak and that none of its kits contain iceberg lettuce.
WATCH | What is cyclosporiasis and how does it spread?:
What Canadians should know about the U.S. parasite outbreak
The number of Americans hit with a nasty stomach bug from the cyclospora parasite is on the rise, causing concern in Canada. Keith Warriner, a microbiologist at the University of Guelph, explains what it is and how it spreads.
Should I wash my bagged lettuce?
Since there haven’t been any cases related to this outbreak in Canada, experts say it’s unlikely there is any contaminated lettuce in the country.
“We would have seen cases,” said Lawrence Goodridge, a food safety professor at the University of Guelph in Ontario.
“Lettuce has a very short shelf life, two weeks, maybe three.”
If you want to be cautious, experts advise eating produce that is peelable or that can be cooked.
While washing produce doesn’t guarantee the parasite will be removed, Emily Jenkins, a professor of veterinary microbiology at the University of Saskatchewan, says there is evidence that how you wash matters.
“The rinsing method with free flowing water is actually the most effective at kind of washing things away,” she said.
WATCH | The parasite is typically transmitted when there’s feces exposure:
Explosive diarrhea-causing parasite infects more than 1,000 people in U.S.
Cyclospora, a microscopic parasite typically transmitted through fruits and vegetables exposed to feces-contaminated irrigation water has infected more than 1,000 people in the U.S. Canada’s Public Health Agency says they are not investigating any outbreaks.
She also said it’s worth looking at where produce comes from when you buy it.
“Things imported from the U.S. and Mexico are under different regulatory systems than things that are grown at home, so another reason to buy Canadian,” she said.
Before and after handling produce, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also recommends washing hands and kitchen countertops or utensils with soap and water. Chlorine-based sanitizers don’t kill the parasite and shouldn’t be used on produce.
What are officials doing to protect Canadians?
In an emailed statement Friday, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) told CBC News the country has a food safety system with “multiple layers of surveillance, testing, regulation and public health oversight” that prevents and detects food-borne hazards, including cyclospora.
The CFIA said it’s working with the U.S. FDA and following up with the company, but that at this time there’s “no evidence that products implicated in this outbreak were distributed in Canada.”
It says if products are found to be affected, it will issue a recall online.
During higher risk periods for cyclospora, such as spring and summer, the CFIA has previously said it “implements enhanced oversight measures.”
Those measures can include “targeted import controls, additional import requirements where appropriate, increased sampling and testing activities.”
What happens next?
CBC News has reached out to the U.S. FDA on its next steps to contain the outbreak but has not yet heard back.
In Canada, Jenkins said next steps would involve issuing a recall notice. That would prompt grocers to remove the impacted food from their shelves and also instruct consumers to throw out any purchased product.
It’s also likely, she said, that the supplier will be asked to destroy all product and that there might be further investigations into how the produce got contaminated in the first place.
“The problem with produce is that there’s so many places along the chain where it can get contaminated,” she said, adding it can happen anywhere from the growing stage to food handling.
